There is then this great paradox of the Gutenberg era, that its seeming activism is cinematic in the strict movie sense. It is a consistent series of static shots or “fixed points of view” in homogeneous relationship. Homogenization of men and materials will become the great program of the Gutenberg era, the source of wealth and power unknown to any other time or technology. How the natural magic of the camera obscura anticipated Hollywood in turning the spectacle of the external world into a consumer commodity or package. * A quite celebrated novelty and pastime of the Renaissance relates directly to the increasing visual stress in experience, namely the delight which was taken in the use of the camera obscura. Erik Barnouw has an excellent brief